![]() A strategy that included the possibility of negative consequences for kids who got off-task led to kids staying on-task 80 percent of the time, on average. ![]() Likewise, a 1987 study of first- through third-graders in school found that a disciplinary strategy based on praise alone led to kids staying on-task 56 percent of the time, on average. Timeouts and quick, mild reprimands were consistently linked to compliance by children, while positive-only strategies led to mixed results, the researchers reported in Clinical Child and Family Psychology Review. Most children respond "wonderfully," he said, to the kind of parenting that the influential developmental psychologist Diane Baumrind characterized as "authoritative." Authoritative parents set firm boundaries for kids, but pair their expectations with warmth and responsiveness.Ī 2012 review of 41 studies dating back to the 1970s supported this notion of generally engaging in positive parenting, and including a dash of negative reinforcement. Praise for good behavior, awareness of a child's needs and teaching about social skills like sharing and turn-taking are crucial, Roberts said. If a kid is being ignored or treated badly by the parent, there's no positive reinforcement to take a break from. Timeout is a term originally shortened from "timeout from positive reinforcement," meaning that kids are forced to take a break from something they enjoy. So what does an appropriate timeout look like? First, researchers say, it must be part of an otherwise warm and loving parent-child relationship. ![]() "There are a number of mistakes that are made when using timeout, and probably one of the biggest ones is parents don't specify a behavior that timeout will be used for consistently and reliably," Cipani said. And they also push many of the positive parenting techniques advocated by researchers in the no-timeout camp. Advocates of timeout agree that it's often misused. ![]() A closer look, though, reveals less daylight between the schools of thought than it seems. The two have written a book on their discipline strategy, "No-Drama Discipline: The Whole-Brain Way to Calm the Chaos and Nurture Your Child." Time out mistakesĪt first, authors like Siegel seem far removed from researchers like Roberts and Cipani. In a follow-up, Siegel and Bryson clarified that the research on "appropriate" timeouts shows them to be effective, but they still argued that timeout in real-world practice is more often inappropriate - parents do it inconsistently and with hostility. The research they cited, however, imaged the brains of college students who were excluded from playing a video game and was not focused on punishment or on any long-term effects of the experience of social pain. Perhaps the most divisive bomb thrown in this fight was a 2014 article in Time Magazine titled " Time-Outs Are Hurting Your Child." In the piece, UCLA psychiatrist Daniel Siegel and colleague Tina Payne Bryson cited research showing that social pain, like that caused by isolation, activates the same areas in the brain as physical pain. Some critics say that timeout is unnecessary and harsh, and positive parenting should do the trick without the need for punishment. Positive parenting?Īs with all things parenting, though, timeout has its controversies. "For you to do another study that shows timeout works, say, 'We already have one of those,'" Cipani said.Ī 2010 review of 30 years of timeout research, published in the journal Education and Treatment of Children, concluded that timeouts are effective at both home and school and that it can work with both typically developing children and those with special needs. Most of the research on the basics of timeout dates to between the 1960s and the 1980s the reason there has been fewer studies on timeout since then is that basically, the data was so consistent that journals got sick of publishing it. The good news for parents is that timeout gets results, said Ennio Cipani, a clinical psychologist in California and author of the book "Punishment on Trial," available free online.
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